Some External Forces (most uncontrollable) Impacting on Organisational Change

(source: Mildred Pryor et al, 2008)

Transformed organisation inventing the future and impacting its environment

(source: Mildred Pryor et al, 2008)

The last 2 diagrams above emphasise the importance of reacting to macro-environmental factors, such as major economic and political changes, technological advances, global marketplace changes plus altering demographic and social structures. 

Internal changes can be influenced by structural transformation, mergers and acquisitions, changes in management team, organisation culture and processes. 

The need to constantly improve productivity and efficiency is a basic driving force in organisational change management.